Which statement best describes caput medusae?

Which statement best describes caput medusae?

• A. Tortuous collateral vessels around the umbilicus due to portal hypertension
• B. Dilated hepatic arteries
• C. Portal vein thrombosis without collaterals
• D. Hepatic vein obstruction

Answer: (A)

Caput medusae occurs when portal hypertension drives the formation of portosystemic collaterals, causing the paraumbilical veins to reopen and enlarge along the abdominal wall. These engorged, tortuous vessels radiate around the umbilicus and connect with the superficial epigastric veins, producing the characteristic “Medusa head” appearance. This describes the vascular pattern seen with portal hypertension best. Dilated hepatic arteries, portal vein thrombosis without collaterals, or hepatic vein obstruction would not produce this distinct abdominal wall collateral pattern.

Caput medusae occurs when portal hypertension drives the formation of portosystemic collaterals, causing the paraumbilical veins to reopen and enlarge along the abdominal wall. These engorged, tortuous vessels radiate around the umbilicus and connect with the superficial epigastric veins, producing the characteristic “Medusa head” appearance. This describes the vascular pattern seen with portal hypertension best. Dilated hepatic arteries, portal vein thrombosis without collaterals, or hepatic vein obstruction would not produce this distinct abdominal wall collateral pattern.